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Bulletin  293  February,  1928 


Gltixmtctxnxt  Agrimltural  ^xpttvmtit  ^tatUm  (lohlti 

■      43 
The  Quality  of  Vegetable  Seed 

Bought  by 

Market  Gardeners  in  Connecticut  . 
in  1927 


E.  M.  STODDARD  AND  A.  D.  McDONNELL 


The  Bulletins  of  this  Station  are  mailed  free  to  citizens  of  Connecticut 
who  apply  for  them,  and  to  others  as  far  as  the  editions  permit. 


CONNECTICUT  AGRICULTURAL  EXPERIMENT  STATION 
OFFICERS  AND  STAFF 


BOARD  OF  CONTROL 
His  Excellency,  John  H.  Trumbull,  ex-officio,  President 

Charles  R.  Treat,    Vice-President Orange 

George  A.  Hopson,  Secretary .....;  Mt.  Carmel 

Wm.  L.  Slate,  Director  and  Treasurer New  Haven 

Joseph  W.  Alsop Avon 

Elijah  Rogers Southington 

Edward  C.  Schneider Middletown 

Francis  F.  Lincoln Cheshire 

STAFF. 

E.  H.  Jenkins,  Ph.D.,  Director  Emeritus. 

Wm.  L.  Slate,   B.Sc.,  Director  and  Treasurer. 
Miss  L.  M.  Brautlecht,  Bookkeeper  and  Librarian. 
Miss  J.  V.  Berger,  Stenographer  and  Bookkeeper. 
Mrs.  R.  a.  Hunter,  Secretary. 
G.  E.  Graham,  In  charge  of  Buildings  and  Grounds. 

E.  M.  Bailev,  Ph.D.,  Chemist  in  Charge. 

C.  E.  Shepard 

Owen  L.  Nolan 

Harry  J.  Fisher,  A.  B. 

W.  T.  Mathis 

DAvro  C.  Walden,  B.  S. 

Frank  C.  Sheldon,  Laboratory  Assistant. 

V.  L.  Churchill,  Sampling  Agent.  ; 

Miss  Mabel  Bacon,  Secretary. 

T.  B.  Osborne,  Ph.D.,  Chemist  in  Charge. 
H.  B.  Vickery,  Ph.D.,  Biochemist. 
Miss  Helen  C.  Cannon,  B.S..  Dietitian. 

G.  P.  Clinton,  Sc.  D.,  Botanist  in  Charge. 

E.  M.  Stoddard,  B.S.,  Pomologist. 

Miss  Florence  A.  McCormick,  Ph.D.,  Pathologist. 

George  Zundel,  M.S.,  Assistant  in  Botany. 

A.  D.  McDonnell.  General  Assistant. 
Mrs.  W.  W.  Kelsey,  Secretary. 

W.  E.  Britton,  Ph.D.,  Entomologist  in  Charge;  Slate  Enlomologisl. 

B.  H.  Walden.  B.Agr. 
M.  P.  Zappe,  B.S. 
Philip  Garman,  Ph.D. 
Roger  B.  Friend,  Ph.D. 

John  T.  Ashworth,  Deputy  in  Charge  of  Gipsy  Moth  Work. 
R.  C.  Botsford.  Deputy  in  Charge  of  Mosquito  Elimination. 
J.  P.  Johnson,  B.S..  Deputy  in  Charge  of  Asiatic  and  Japanese 

Beetle  Quarantine. 
Miss  Grace  A.  Foote,  B.A.,  Secretary, 


Administration. 


Chemistry: 
Analytical 
Laboratory. 


Biochemical 
Laboratory. 


Botany. 


Entomology. 


Assistant    Chemists. 


Assistant  Entomologists. 


Forestry. 


Plant  Breeding. 


Soil  Research. 


Tobacco  Sub-station 
at  Windsor. 


Walter  O.  Filley.  Forester  in  Charge. 

H.  W.  HicocK,  M.F.,  Assistant  Forester. 

J.  E.  Riley,  Jr.,  M.F.,  In  Charge  of  Blister  Rust  Control. 

H.  J.  LuTZ,  M.F.,  Assistant  Forester. 

Miss  Pauline  A.  Merchant.  Secretary. 

Donald  F.  Jones,  S.D.,  Geneticist  in  Charge. 
W.  R.  Singleton.  S.M..  Assistant  Geneticist. 
H.   R.  Murray,  B.S.,  Graduate  Assistant. 
Miss  Evelyn  Grey,  Secretary. 

M.  F.  Morgan,  M.S.,  Investigator. 
H.  G.  M.  Jacobson,  M.S.,  Assistant. 

Paul  J.  Anderson,  Ph.D.,  Pathologist  in  Charge. 
N.  T.  Nelson,  Ph.D.,  Assistant  Physiologist. 
T.  R.  SwANBACK,  B.S.,  Scientific  Assistant. 


THE  QUALITY  OF  VEGETABLE  SEED  BOUGHT  BY 

MARKET  GARPENERS  IN  CONNECTICUT 

IN  1927 

By  E.  M.  Stoddard  and  A.  D.  McDonnell 


For  many  years  this  Station  has  examined  seed  for  germina- 
tion and  purity.  The  samples  were  usually  sent  in  voluntarily  by 
growers  and  dealers,  but  this  method  of  obtaining  material  did 
not  supply  sufficient  number  or  distribution  of  samples  to  furnish 
good  information  on  the  quality  of  seed  sold  in  the  state.  More 
recently  the  Sampling  Agent  has  collected  vegetable  seed  from  va- 
rious sources  in  sufficient  quantity  to  warrant  publication  of  the 
results  as  an  index  to  the  quality  of  such  seed  as  sold  in  Connecti- 
cut. In  Bulletin  283  (1927)  the  data  on  two  years'  collections 
of  packet  seed  were  given,  and  at  this  time  we  present  the  data 
on  vegetable  seed  sold  in  bulk  to  market  gardeners  throughout 
the  State.  These  samples  were  obtained  from  market  gardeners 
and  represented  seed  stocks  they  had  purchased  for  planting  in 
1927.  The  collection  was  started  late  and  not  as  many  samples 
could  be  obtained  as  we  had  hoped,  but  a  fairly  well  distributed 
lot  of  172  samples  was  collected,  which  are  listed  in  Table  I. 
This  seed  is  not  as  good  as  one  might  suppose  it  would  be,  but 
compares  favorably  with  similar  seed  sold  in  other  states,  and  is 
for  the  most  part  an  improvement  on  the  packet  seed  previously 
reported  in  Bulletin  283. 

The  tests  made  were  for  germination  only,  there  being  no  con- 
sideration given  to  other  features  relative  to  the  value  of  the 
sample. 

The  standard  methods  of  procedure  were  followed  in  making 
the  tests.  In  brief,  200  seeds  were  selected  from  each  sample  and 
put  in  a  standard  germinating  chamber  in  duplicate  lots  of  100 
seeds  each,  the  smaller  seeds  being  put  between  blotting  paper  and 
the  larger  seeds,  such  as  corn,  peas  and  beans  between  paper  towels. 
We  find  by  comparative  tests  that  the  paper  towels  give  as  good 
results  as  cloths  and  do  away  with  the  inconvenience  of  washing 
and  sterilizing  the  cloths.  The  substratum  was  moistened  as  neces- 
sary with  tap  water.  Each  sample  was  kept  in  the  germinating 
chamber  for  the  standard  number  of  days  required  for  such  seeds, 
and  if  the  germination  of  the  duplicate  samples  varied  more  than 
10%  a  retest  was  made  and  the  resulting  percentages  used. 


l8o  CONNECTICUT  EXPERIMENT  STATION  BULLETIN   293 


Table  I.   Germination  Tests  of  Bulk  Vegetable  Seed,  1927. 


HZ 


33" 
3317 
3315 
3316 
3313 
3310 
3302 
3305 
3304 
3309 
3303 
3308 

3314 
3306 

3307 
3312 


3281 
3278 
3276 
3282 
3468 
3286 

3277 
3283 
3284 

3279 
3280 

3275 


3268 
3270 
3269 
3267 
3272 
3266 

3274 
3271 
3273 


3291 

3297 
3292 


Variety    of    Seed 


Beans 

Black  Valentine 

Black  Valentine 

Bountiful 

Cracker  Jack 

Davis  White  Kidney  Wax.  . 
Dwarf  Wonder  of  France .  .  . 

Fordhook  Bush  Lima 

Golden  Cluster  Wax 

Green  Pod  Long 

Hodson's  Wax 

Round  Pod  Kidney 

Stringless  Refugee 

Stringless  Refugee 

White  Kid  Wax 

Yellow  Bountiful 

Round  Pod  Kidney  Wax .  .  . 

Beets 

Coal  Black 

Crosby's  Egyptian 

Detroit  Dark  Red . 

Detroit  Dark  Red 

Detroit  Dark  Red 

Detroit  Dark  Red 

Early  Wonder 

Early  Wonder 

Early  Wonder 

Egyptian 

Mangel, Mammoth  Long  Red 
WoodrufiF's  Early  Wonder .  . 

Cabbage 

Copenhagen  Market 

Copenhagen  Market 

Danish  Round  Head 

Early  Jersey  Wakefield 

E^rly  Jersey  Wakefield 

Golden  Acre 

Golden  Acre 

Penn.  State  Bullhead 

Perfection  Savoy 

Carrot 

Bagley 

Bagley 

Chantenay 


97-5 
95-5 
*83 
96 

97 
99 
96.5 
*82.5 
98 
94 
98 
93 


89-5 
86 

94 

88.5 
82 

*77-5 
88.5 
90 

*74-5 
*43-5 
*37-5 
*73 


*73 

85 

*68 

95 

88.5 

*84 
*7i 

89 

86.5 


895 
*56.5 
72 


Grower 


E.  B.  Clark  Seed  Co.,  Milford,  Ct. 
Comstock  Ferre  Co.,  Wethersfield,  Ct. 
Frank  S.  Piatt  Co.,  New  Haven,  Ct. 
Frank  S.  Piatt  Co.,  New  Haven,  Ct. 
S.  D.  Woodruff  &  Sons,  Orange,  Ct. 
J.  Breck  Seed  Co.,  Boston,  Mass. 
S.  D.  Woodruff  &  Sons,  Orange,  Ct. 
Jos.  Harris  Seed  Co.,  Coldwater,  N.  Y. 

E.  B.  Clark  Seed  Co.,  Milford,  Ct. 
Frank  S.  Piatt  Co.,  New  Haven,  Ct. 
S.  D.  Woodruff  &  Sons,  Orange,  Ct. 
Jos.  Harris  Seed  Co.,  Coldwater,  N.  Y. 

F.  H.  Woodruff  &  Sons,  Milford  Ct. 
Jos.  Harris  Seed  Co.,  Coldwater,  N.  Y. 
Frances  Stokes  &  Co.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
S.  D.  Woodruff  &  Sons,  Orange,  Ct. 


Francis  Brill  &  Co.,  Hempsted,  N.  Y. 
Jos.  Harris  Seed  Co.,  Coldwater,  N.  Y. 

E.  B.  Clark  Seed  Co.,  Milford,  Ct. 

F,  H.  Woodruff  &  Sons,  Milford,  Ct. 
F.  H.  Woodruff  &  Sons,  Milford,  Ct. 
Frank.  S.  Piatt  Co.,  New  Haven,  Ct. 
J.  W.  Simon  &  Son,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

E.  B.  Clark  Seed  Co.,  Milford,  Ct. 
S.  D.  Woodruff  &  Sons,  Orange,  Ct. 
David  L.  Clark  &  Son,  Milford,  Ct. 
Frances  Stokes  &  Co.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

F.  H.  Woodruff  &  Sons,  Milford,  Ct. 


Jos.  Harris  Seed  Co.,  Coldwater,  N.  Y. 
Alex.  Forbes  &  Co.,  Newark,  N.  J. 
C.  P.  Strandholm,  Copenhagen,  Denmark 
Frances  Stokes  &  Co.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Jos.  Harris  Seed  Co.,  Coldwater,  N.  Y. 
Frank.  S.  Piatt  Co.,  New  Haven,  Ct. 
Comstock  Ferre  Co.,  Wethersfield,  Ct. 
Frances  Stokes  &  Co.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Cadwell  &  Jones,  Hartford,  Ct. 


F.  H.  Woodruff  &  Sons,  Milford,  Ct. 
E.  B.  Clark  Seed  Co.,  Milford,  Ct. 
Frank  S.  Piatt  Co.,  New  Haven,  Ct. 


*  Below  standard. 


QUALITY  OF  VEGETABLE  SEED 


i8i 


Table  I.     Germination  Tests  of  Bulk  Vegetable  Seed,   1927. — Continued. 


Variety    of    Seed 


"g 


Grower 


3299 
3300 
3301 
3295 
3288 
3290 
3292 
3298 
3294 
3287 
3296 
3289 


3408 
3407 
3404 
3406 
340s 
3402 

3403 


3359 
3368 

3354 
3369 
3466 
3358 
3365 
3353 
3364 
3362 
3363 
3370 
3360 
3361 
3371 
3357 
3465 
3356 
3355 


3320 
3321 


Carrot  (Continued) 

Chantenay 

Chantenay 

Chantenay 

Danvers 

Danver's  Half  Long 

Danver's  Half  Long 

Danver's  Half  Long 

Danver's  Half  Long 

Hutchingson 

Oxheart 

Pride  of  Denmark 

Rubicon 

Celery 

Early  Blanching 

French  Success 

Golden  Plume  or  Wonderful 

Golden  Self  Blanching 

Newark  Market 

Wonderful 

Woodruff's  Wonderful 

Com  (Sweet) 

Alfa  Sweet 

Columbia 

Columbia  Sweet 

Columbia  White 

Country  Gentleman 

Cromer's  Special  Sweet 

Early  Bantam  Sweet 

Extra  Early  Dighton  Sweet . 

Giant  Bantam  Sweet 

Golden  Bantam 

Golden  Bantam  Sweet 

Golden  Early  Market 

Howling  Mob 

Howling  Mob  Sweet 

Long  Island  Beauty 

Malcom  Sweet 

Stowell's  Evergreen 

Whipple's 

Whipple's  Sweet 

Cucixmber 

Early  Fortune . " 

Davis  Perfect 


*35-5 

67 

60 

61.5 

635 
*56.5 

67 

655 

89 
*42 
*59 

60.5 


87.5 
80 
*70 

*29 

*75-5 

*58 

*64 


90 
95-5 
91 

94-5 
*8o 

*88.5 
*88.5 

97 

93 

92.5 

95-5 

96 

92 

94 

*62.5 

95 

*62 

98.5 
99-5 


*6o.5 


E.  B.  Clark  Seed  Co,  Milford,  Ct. 

E.  B.  Clark  Seed  Co,  Milford,  Ct. 
Jos.  Harris  Seed  Co.,  Coldwater,  N.  Y. 
Frances  Stokes  Co.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
J.  W.  Simon  &  Son,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Cadwell  &  Jones,  Hartford,  Ct. 

C.  J.  Hart  Seed  Co.,  Wethersfield,  Ct. 

F.  W.  Eberle  Seed  Co,  Albany,  N.  Y. 
Jos.  Harris  Seed  Co.,  Coldwater,  N.  Y. 
Comstock  Ferre  Co.,  Wethersfield,  Ct. 
Jos.  Harris  Seed  Co.,  Coldwater,  N.  Y. 
F.  W.  Eberle  Seed  Co.,  Albany,  N.  Y. 


E.  B.  Clark  Seed  Co.,  Milford,  Ct. 

J.  W.  Simon  &  Son,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Jos.  Harris  Seed  Co.,  Coldwater,  N.  Y. 
Jos.  Harris  Seed  Co.,  Coldwater,  N.  Y. 
Alex.  Forbes  &  Co.,  Newark,  N.  J. 

F.  H.  Woodruff  &  Sons,  Milford,  Ct. 
F.  H.  Woodruff  &  Sons,  Milford,  Ct. 


Jos.  Harris  Seed  Co.,  Coldwater,  N.  Y. 
S.  D.  Woodruff  &  Sons,  Orange,  Ct. 
Comstock  Ferre  Co.,  Wethersfield,  Ct. 
S.  D.  Woodruff  &  Sons,  Orange,  Ct. 
Comstock  Ferre  Co.,  Wethersfield,  Ct. 
David  L.  Clark  &  Son,  Milford,  Ct. 
Frank  S.  Piatt  &  Co.,  New  Haven,  Ct. 
S.  D.  Woodruff  &  Sons,  Orange,  Ct. 
Cadwell  &  Jones,  Hartford,  Ct. 
Comstock  Ferre  &  Co.,  Wethersfi'eld,  Ct. 
Cadwell  &  Jones,  Hartford,  Ct. 
Gill  Bros.  Seed  Co.,  Portland,  Ore. 
Frank  S.  Piatt  Co.,  New  Haven,  Ct. 
Cadwell  &  Jones,  Hartford,  Ct. 
David  L.  Clark  &  Son,  Milford,  Ct. 
David  L.  Clark  &  Son,  Milford,  Ct. 
Comstock  Ferre  &  Co.,  Wethersfield,  Ct. 
Frank  S.  Piatt  Co.,  New  Haven,  Ct. 
David  L.  Clark  &  Son,  Milford,  Ct. 


F.  C.  Stokes  Seed  Co.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Jos.  Harris  Seed  Co.,  Coldwater,  N.  Y. 


*Below  standard. 


1 82 


CONNECTICUT   EXPERIMENT  STATION 


BULLETIN   293 


Table  I.     Germination  Tests  of  Bulk  Vegetable  Seed,  1927. — Continued. 


HZ 


Variety   of   Seed 


Grower 


Cuciunber  (Continued) 

Davis  Perfect 

Davis  Perfect 

White  Spine 

Egg  Plant 
Black  Beauty 

Lettuce 

Big  Boston 

Black  Seeded  Tennis  Ball 
Black  Seeded  Tennis  Ball 

Early  May  King 

Eberle  Supreme 

Market  Gardeners' 

Private  Stock 

May  King 

May  King 

May  King 

New  York 

New  York 

New  York 

New  York 

N.  Y.  or  Iceberg 

Salamander 

Salamander 

Salamander 

Simon's  Cabbage  Head. .  . 

Special  Stock 

Supreme 

Unrivalled 

Unrivalled 

Wonderful 

Muskmelon 
Abbot's  Pearl  Pink  Meat. 

Bender's  Surprise 

Bender's  Surprise 

Bussee  Gem 

Cal.  Cream 

Hearts  of  Gold 

Knight 

Lake  Champion 

Osage 

Ticonderoga 

Yorko 


*55 
*83 
85-5 


?-5 


99-5 
*39-5 
*88.5 

98 

93-5 

*82.5 
*89.5 

*82 

*8i 

92.5 
96 

93-5 
96.5 

93-5 
98 

97 
98 

97 
92 
90 

98.5 

98 

90 


*57-5 
97-5 
94 

*69 

*70 

*8o.5 
97 

*83.5 

*48.5 

*70 

94-5 


Comstock  Ferre  Co.,  Wethersfield,  Ct. 
Jos.  Harris  Seed  Co.,  Coldwater,  N.  Y. 
W.  F.  Cobb  &  Co.,  Franklin,  Mass. 


Jos.  Harris  Seed  Co.,  Coldwater,  N.Y. 


Frank  S.  Piatt  Co.,  New  Haven,  Ct. 
Frank  8.  Piatt  Co.,  New  Haven,  Ct. 
F.  H.  Woodruff  &  Sons,  Milford,  Ct. 
F.  H.  Woodruff  &  Sons,  Milford,  Ct. 
F.  W.  Eberle  Seed  Co.,  Albany,  N.  Y. 

J.  W.  Simon  &  Son,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
F.  W.  Eberle  Seed  Co.,  Albany,  N.  Y. 
Jos.  Harris  Seed  Co.,  Coldwater,  N.  Y. 
F.  W.  Eberle  Seed  Co.,  Albany,  N.  Y. 
Olds  &  Whipple,  Hartford,  Ct. 
Comstock  Ferre  &  Co.,  Wethersfield,  Ct. 
F.  W.  Eberle  Seed  Co.,  Albany,  N.  Y. 
Comstock  Ferre  &  Co.,  Wethersfield,  Ct. 
F.  W.  Eberle  Seed  Co.,  Albany,  N.  Y. 
F.  W.  Eberle  Seed  Co.,  Albany,  N.  Y. 
Alex.  Forbes  Seed  Co.,  Newark,  N.  J. 
Comstock  Ferre  &  Co.,  Wethersfield,  Ct. 
J.  W.  Simon  &  Son,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
F.  H.  Woodruff  &  Sons,  Milford,  Ct. 
F.  W.  Eberle  Seed  Co.,  Albany,  N.  Y. 
F.  W.  Eberle  Seed  Co.,  Albany,  N.  Y. 
Comstock  Ferre  &  Co.,  Wethersfield,  Ct. 
Jos.  Harris  Seed  Co.,  Coldwater,  N.  Y. 


Ebbert  Seed  Co.,  Rocky  Ford,  Colo. 

Cadwell  &  Jones,  Hartford,  Ct. 

Frances  C.  Stokes  &  Co.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

W.  Atlee  Burpee  Co.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Henry  Field  Seed  Co.,  Shenandoah,  la. 

Frances  C.  Stokes  &  Co.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Frances  C.  Stokes  &  Co.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

J.  W.  Simon  &  Son,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

S.  D.  Woodruff  &  Sons,  Orange,  Ct. 

Unknown 

J.  Breck  Seed  Co.,  Boston,  Mass. 


*Below  standard. 


CONNECTICUT  AGRICULTURAL  EXPERIMENT 
STATION 

ERRATUM  SLIP  —  BULLETIN  293 

Attention  is  called  to  Test  Number  8427  (p.  182)  which 
should  read  "Burrell's  Gem." 

This  sample  was  not  from  stock  purchased  in  1927  and 
therefore  should  be  disregsirded. 


QUALITY  OF  VEGETABLE  SEED 


183 


Table  I.  Germination  Tests  of  Bulk  Vegetable  Seed,  1927. — Continued. 


HZ 


3416 


3391 

3464 

!3394 

3393 


3456 


3395 
3396 
3397 
3398 
3399 


3413 
3412 

3414 
3460 

34" 


3457 


3342 
3333 
3338 
3463 
3335 
3462 

3334 
3330 
3337 
3461 
3336 
3340 
3343 
3339 


3400 
3401 


Variety    of    Seed 


"E 


Grower 


Onion 

Dan  vers 

Parsnip 

Harris  Model 

Harris  Model 

Hollow  Crown 

Woodruff's  Rival 

Pea 

World's  Record 

Pepper 

Bull  Nose 

Golden  Dawn 

Simon's  World  Beater 

Simon's  Jersey  Giant 

World  Beater 

Radish 

Early  Scarlet 

Early  Scarlet  Globe 

Giant  Crimson 

Scarlet  Globe 

Scarlet  Globe 

Salsify 
Mammoth  Sandwich  Island. 

Spinach 

Bloomsdale  Savoy 

Giant  Thick  Leaf 

Hot  Weather 

Juliana 

King  of  Denmark 

King  of  Denmark 

Large  Viroflay 

Long  Season 

Long  Standing 

Princess  Juliana 

Princess  Juliana 

Round  Thick  Leaf 

Viroflay 

Woodruff's  Hot  Weather .  .  . 

Squash 

Black  Michigan 

Giant  Summer  Crookneck.  . 


92 


*55 
67 

*47 
65 


Frances  Stokes  Seed  Co.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


Jos.  Harris  Seed  Co.,  Coldwater,  N.  Y. 
Jos.  Harris  Seed  Co.,  Coldwater,  N.  Y. 
Frank  S.  Piatt  Co.,  New  Haven,  Ct. 
S.  D.  Woodruff  &  Sons,  Orange,  Ct. 


"80.5      Frank  S.  Piatt  Co.,  New  Haven,  Ct. 


♦64.5  Frank  S.  Piatt  Co.,  New  Haven,  Ct. 

83  Jos.  Harris  Seed  Co.,  Coldwater,  N.  Y. 

71.5  J.  W.  Simon  &  Son,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

78  J.  W.  Simon  &  Son,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

90  F.  H.  Woodruff  &  Sons,  Milford,  Ct. 


93.5  E.  B.  Clark  Seed  Co.,  Milford,  Ct. 

93.5  Frank  S.  Piatt  Co.,  New  Haven,  Ct. 

85.5  Frances  Stokes  Co.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

♦56  S.  D.  Woodruff  &  Sons,  Orange,  Ct. 

*74  F.  H.  Woodruff  &  Sons,  Milford,  Ct. 


48.5      Cadwell  &  Jones,  Hartford,  Ct. 


♦50.5  E.  B.  Clark  Seed  Co.,  Milford,  Ct. 

86.5  E.  B.  Clark  Seed  Co.,  Milford,  Ct. 

*5i  F.  H.  Woodruff  &  Sons,  Milford,  Ct. 

*37  J-  W.  Simon  &  Co.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

69  Comstock  Ferre  Co.,  Wethersfield,  Ct. 

*46.5  E.  B.  Clark  Seed  Co.,  Milford,  Ct. 

*37  Comstock  Ferre  Co.,  Wethersfield,  Ct. 

*49  F.  W.  Eberle  Seed  Co.,  Albany,  N.  Y. 

*55-5  W.  F.  Cobb  &  Co.,  Franklin,  Mass. 

*6o  Peter  Henderson  &  Co.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

*57  Comstock  Ferre  Co.,  Wethersfield,  Ct. 

♦64.5  F.  H.  Woodruff  &  Sons,  Milford,  Ct. 

♦58.5  S.  D.  Woodruff  &  Sons,  Orange,  Ct. 

*56.5  F.  H.  Woodruff  &  Sons,  Milford,  Ct. 


Unknown 
J.5  I  F.  H.  Woodruff  &  Sons,  Milford,  Ct. 


*Below  standard. 


184  CONNECTICUT  EXPERIMENT  STATION  BULLETIN   293 

Table  I.     Germination  Tests  of  Bulk  Vegetable  Seed,  1927. — Concluded. 


si 

HZ 

Variety    of    Seed 

c 
g.E 

Grower 

• 

3375 

Tomato 

Bonny  Best 

91-5 
92.5 
*8i 

94-5 
96.5 
92.5 
94-5 
94-5 
86.5 

93-5 

91-5 

89 

96 

*62.5 
*8o.5 

87 

96.5 

87 

*78 
*65 

*39 

Vaughan's  Seed  Store,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Jos.  Harris  Seed  Co.,  Coldwater,  N.  Y. 
Comstock  Ferre  Co.,  Wethersfield,  Ct. 
Jos.  Harris  Seed  Co.,  Coldwater,  N.  Y. 
Jos.  Harris  Seed  Co.,  Coldwater,  N.  Y. 
Vaughan's  Seed  Store,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Jos.  Harris  Seed  Co.,  Coldwater,  N.  Y. 

3383 
3378 
3379 
3380 
3381 
3384 

Canadian 

Earliana 

Earliana 

Earliana 

Earliana 

Earliana 

3382 

Early  Prolific 

F.  W.  EberleSeed  Co.,  Albany,  N.  Y. 
Comstock  Ferre  Co.,  Wethersfield,  Ct. 
F.  H.  Woodruff  &  Sons,  Milford,  Ct. 
Vaughan's  Seed  Store,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Jos.  Harris  Seed  Co.,  Coldwater,  N.  Y. 
Frances  C.  Stokes  &  Co.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Jos.  Harris  Seed  Co.,  Coldwater,  N.  Y. 
Thos.  Griswold  &  Co.,  So.  Wethersfield,  Ct. 
Vaughan's  Seed  Store,  New  Yorjc,  N.  Y. 
Jos.  Harris  Seed  Co.,  Coldwater,  N.  Y. 
Cadwell  &  Jones,  Hartford,  Ct. 

Comstock  Ferre  Co.,  Wethersfield,  Ct. 
Comstock  Ferre  Co.,  Wethersfield,  Ct. 

3387 
3388 
3376 
3377 
3389 
3386 

3373 
3374 
3385 

Greater  Baltimore 

Greater  Baltimore 

John  Baer 

John  Baer 

Marglobe 

Marvana 

Matchless .  .  . ; 

Matchless 

New  Dwarf  Stone 

3390 

3344 
3345 

Stone 

Tmnip 

Early  White  Milan 

Yellow  Globe 

3409 

Watermelon 
Kleckly  Sweet 

Frances  C.  Stokes  &  Co.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

*Below  standard. 


Germination  Standards  for  Vegetable  Seed. 

In  the  absence  of  official  standards  of  germination  for  vegetable 
seeds  we  have  adopted  a  table  of  standards  (Table  II).  These 
standards  were  obtained  by  plotting  a  frequency  curve  of  all  the 
germination  tests  made  of  the  several  seeds  in  our  laboratory 
and  the  published  data  of  four  other  seed  laboratories  for  the  last 
twenty-three  years  (1905-1927  inclusive)  and  taking  the  classes 
included  in  the  peak  of  the  curve  as  a  standard.  No  standard  was 
adopted  without  data  from  at  least  50  samples. 

After  collecting  much  additional  data  we  found  it  necessary 
to  change  slightly  a  few  of  the  standards  adopted  in  Bulletin  283 
published  by  this  Station  in  January,  1927. 

In  view  of  the  fact  that  the  data  used  covered  a  long  period  of 
time  and  was  taken  from  various  parts  of  the  country,  we  feel 
that  the  standards  adopted  are  a  fair  measure  of  germination  for 
good  seed  of  the  various  kinds.  The  following  graph  of  onion 
seed  illustrates'  the  method  used : 


QUALITY   OF  VEGETABLE  SEED 


I8S 


i86 


CONNECTICUT  EXPERIMENT  STATION 


BULLETIN   293 


Table  II,    Table  of  Germination  Standards  Adopted. 


Seed 


Germination 
Standard 


Beans 90  to  100% 


*Beet 80 

Cabbage 85 

Carrot 60 

Celery 80 

Corn  (Sweet) 90 

Cucumber 85 

Lettuce 90 

Muskmelon 85 

Onion 85 

Parsnip 60 

Peas 90 

Pepper 60 

Radish 85 

Spinach 65 

Squash 85 

Tomato 85 

Turnip 90 

Watermelon 80 


95% 
100% 

75% 
90% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 

75% 
100% 

75% 
100% 

80% 
100% 
100% 
100% 

95% 


Number    of    Testa    Used 
to  Compute  Standard 

439 
331 
350 
236 

163 
559 
224 

439 
194 
2245 
154 
519 
116 
478 
311 

89 
288 
177 

59 


*  The  germination  of  beet  seed  was  determined  by  counts  of  the  number 
of  seed  balls  germinating  and  not  number  of  sprouts. 

The  Quality  of  the  Seed  Tested  in  1927. 
Applying  the  standards  as  shown  in  Table  II  to  the  seed  col- 
lected and  tested  in  1927  the  following  results  are  obtained: 


Table  III.    The  Quality  of  the  Seed  Tested   In   1927. 


Number 
Seed  of  Samples 

Beans 16 

Beet. 12 

Cabbage 9 

Carrot 15 

Celery 7 

Com  (Sweet) 19 

Cucumber 5 

Egg  Plant I 

Lettuce 23 

Muskmelon 11 

Onion i 

Parsnip 4 

Peas I 

Pepper 5 

Radish 5 

Salsify i 

Spinach 14 

Squash 2 

Tomato 18 

Turnip 2 

Watermelon i 

*  No  standard  adopted. 


Per  cent  of  Samples 

Exiualing  or  Exceeding 

the    Standard 

75-0 
59-4 
65.6 
66.6 
28.6 

73-7      • 
40.0 

* 

73-9 
36.4 

lOO.O 

50.0 
o 

lOO.O 

60.0 

41 

14-3 
o 

834 

o 

0 


0  { 


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Connecticut 

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